Examining the Relationship Between Parent–Child Relationship, Parenting Goals, and Spiritual Intelligence with Adolescents’ Self-Esteem
Keywords:
Parent–Child Relationship, Parenting Goals, Spiritual Intelligence, Self-EsteemAbstract
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between the parent–child relationship, parenting goals, and spiritual intelligence with adolescents’ self-esteem. The research method was descriptive and correlational in nature. The statistical population consisted of all female high school students (second cycle of secondary education) in Districts 5 and 6 of Tehran during the 2023–2024 academic year. A total of 300 students were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments included the Parent–Child Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire, the Spiritual Intelligence Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Parenting Goals Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 27. The findings indicated that there were significant relationships between the parent–child relationship, parenting goals, and spiritual intelligence with adolescents’ self-esteem (p < .05). Furthermore, the parent–child relationship, parenting goals, and spiritual intelligence significantly predicted adolescents’ self-esteem (p < .05). Based on these findings, professionals and counselors working in the field of child and adolescent development may design and implement interventions aimed at enhancing adolescents’ self-esteem.
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